Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Comparison - Dog breed selector: Briquet or AM Bulldog or Pit? Find the right dog for you

"Find similarities and differences between Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier" Compare Artois Hound and American Bulldog. Which is better: Artois Hound or American Bulldog or American Pit Bull Terrier?

Size and Weight Price and Availability Trainability and Intelligence Personality and Temperament Activity and Playfulness Adaptability and Independence Bite Characteristics Health and Lifespan Energy and Activity Diet and Weight Management Allergies and Grooming Good With As a Working Dog Reproducibility Recognition Show differences only

Name	Artois Hound	American Bulldog	American Pit Bull Terrier
Origins	France	United States	United States
All Dog Breeds By Country Of Origin
Group	Hunting Dogs	Guard Dogs	Hunting Dogs
Popularity Rank	251	272	336
Reviews	0	3	14
User Ratings

Common Names & Aliases Compare alternative names and nicknames used for Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier breeds.	Briquet Picard Chien d’Artois	AM Bulldog American Bulldogge American Bulldoggee Old Country Bulldog AmBulldog	Pit Pit Bull Pitbull Pitty APBT
Breed Classification How do breed classifications differ between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier? Compare their breeding categories.	Purebred	Purebred	Purebred

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Size and Weight Comparison

Size Classification Compare size differences between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which breed is the largest?	Large	Large	Medium
Weight Statistics How do weights compare between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier? Compare adult weight ranges.	55-75 pounds (25-34 kg)	Male: 70-120 pounds (32-54 kg), Female: 60-100 pounds (27-45 kg)	22-78 pounds (10-35 kg)
Average Weight Which dog has a smaller / higher average weight?	65 pounds (29.5 kg)	Male: 95 pounds (43 kg), Female: 80 pounds (36 kg)	50 pounds (22.5 kg)
Height Which is taller, Artois Hound or American Bulldog or American Pit Bull Terrier? Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier height comparison:	20-24 inch (51-61 cm)	Male: 22-28 inches (55-70 cm), Female: 20-26 inches (52-65 cm)	14-24 inches (35-60 cm)
Average Height Which dog has a smaller / higher average height?	22 inch (56 cm)	Male: 25 inches (62.5 cm), Female: 23 inches (58.5 cm)	19 inches (47.5 cm)

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Price and Availability Comparison

Price Range Compare puppy costs for Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Find price differences between these breeds.	$1000-$1200	$500-$600	$500-$700
Availability Which is easier to get, Artois Hound or American Bulldog or American Pit Bull Terrier?	Average: The Artois Hound is a commonly available dog breed.	Average: The American Bulldog is a commonly available dog breed.	Average: The American Pit Bull Terrier is a commonly available dog breed.

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Trainability and Intelligence Comparison

Intelligence Rating Compare intelligence levels between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which breed ranks highest?	Smart: The Artois Hound dogs have great intelligence. See more.	Average: It takes patience to teach this breed any tricks or commands, but the effort is worth it. See more.	Average: It takes patience to teach this breed any tricks or commands, but the effort is worth it. See more.
Smartest Dog Breeds
Training Difficulty Compare training difficulty levels between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which is easiest to train?	A slightly harder to train than average. See more.	American Bulldog dogs are quite easy to train. See more.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs are easy to train. See more.
Least Obedient Dog Breeds		Dog Breeds That Easy To Train
Watchdog Rating Compare watchdog abilities of Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which breed is most alert?	Artois Hound dogs are not the best watchdogs. See more.	American Bulldog dogs are one of the best watchdogs. See more.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs are average watchdogs. See more.
Territorial Protection Compare territorial instincts between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which breed is most protective?	Artois Hound dogs are not the best to protect their territory. See more.	American Bulldog dogs are extremely protective guard dogs. See more.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs are average defenders. See more.
Guard Dog Breeds List

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Personality and Temperament Comparison

Personality Traits How do personalities differ between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier? Compare temperaments.	Happy Intelligent Friendly Docile Lively Faithful Familiar Balanced Persistent Fast	Loving Energetic Alert Courageous Affectionate Gentle Going Social	Stubborn Clownish Courageous Intelligent Friendly Affectionate Obedient Loyal Strong Willed Aggressive
Sensitivity Level Which dog is more sensitive? What's the difference?	They are a little bit more sensitive than other dog breeds. See more.	They are a little bit more sensitive than other dog breeds. See more.	They are a little bit more sensitive than other dog breeds. See more.
Most Sensitive Dog Breeds		Less Sensitive Dog Breeds
Affection Level Which is the more affectionate dog breed: Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier?	Average to High: Artois Hound dogs are highly affectionate dogs. See more.	High: American Bulldog dogs are genuinely loyal, soft and gentle, loving, and affectionate dogs toward their handlers. See more.	High: American Pit Bull Terrier dogs are genuinely loyal, soft and gentle, loving, and affectionate dogs toward their handlers. See more.
Most Affectionate Dog Breeds
Social Needs Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier social needs comparison:	Artois Hound dogs are a social breed. See more.	American Bulldog dogs are a social breed. See more.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs are a social breed. See more.
Impulse to Wander or Roam Which dog has a greater roaming instinct?	Artois Hound dogs have high wanderlust potential, which means that this breed has a strong desire for exploring the world. See more.	American Bulldog dogs tend to escape less than other breeds. See more.	The wanderlust potential of the American Pit Bull Terrier is strong enough to escape from home. See more.
Prey Drive Which dog has a higher prey drive? Which can be better for hunting?	Artois Hound dogs have a higher impulse to chase and catch something than other dog breeds. See more.	American Bulldog dogs have an average prey drive, which means that they don't have a high impulse to chase and catch something like a cat or any other small aminals, but it might happen. See more.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs have an average prey drive, which means that they don't have a high impulse to chase and catch something like a cat or any other small aminals, but it might happen. See more.
Dog Breeds With Low Prey Drive		Dog Breeds With High Prey Drive

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Activity and Playfulness Comparison

Barking Frequency Compare barking frequencies of Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which breed is most vocal?	Average: The Artois Hound barks occasionally. See more.	Low to Average: The American Bulldog rarely barks. See more.	Average: The American Pit Bull Terrier barks occasionally. See more.
Quiet Dog Breeds That Don't Bark		Dog Breeds That Bark The Most
Playful Nature Compare playfulness levels between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which breed is most playful?	The Artois Hound is a playful breed. See more.	The American Bulldog is a playful breed. See more.	The American Pit Bull Terrier is a playful breed. See more.
Most Playful Dog Breeds
Apartment Adaptability Compare apartment suitability of Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which adapts best to small spaces?	It is not recommended to keep the Artois Hound breed in the home.	It is not the best choice if you want to keep them indoors, however, with careful exercise and several walks a day, they will tolerate the indoor environment, so it is possible to keep American Bulldog indoors.	It is not recommended to keep the American Pit Bull Terrier breed in the home.
The Worst Dog Breeds for Apartment Living		Apartment Friendly Dogs List

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Adaptability and Independence Comparison

Lifestyle Adaptability Compare adaptability between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which breed is most flexible?	Artois Hound dogs adapt well to lifestyle changes and different living environments.	American Bulldog dogs adapt well to lifestyle changes and different living environments.	Average: American Pit Bull Terrier dogs adapt to lifestyle changes and different living environments quite okay usually.
Alone Time Tolerance Which dog can be left alone: Artois Hound or American Bulldog or American Pit Bull Terrier?	Artois Hound dogs do best when a family member is at home during the day or if their workplace is dog-friendly so they can take the dog at work.	American Bulldog dogs do best when a family member is at home during the day or if their workplace is dog-friendly so they can take the dog at work.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs do best when a family member is at home during the day or if their workplace is dog-friendly so they can take the dog at work.

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Bite Characteristics Comparison

Bite Risk Assessment Compare biting potential between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which has lowest bite risk?	Low 🔽 The Artois Hound has a low chance of biting somebody.	Moderate ⏺ The American Bulldog has an average chance of biting somebody.	High 🔼 The American Pit Bull Terrier has a high chance of biting somebody.
Mouthing Tendency Compare mouthing tendencies between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which uses mouth most during play?	Artois Hound dogs have an average tendency to nip, chew, playbite, or herd people. See more.	American Bulldog dogs have a lower than average tendency to nip, chew, playbite, or herd people. See more.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs have a strong tendency to nip, chew, play-bite, or herd people. See more.
Bite Strength Rating Compare bite forces between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which has the strongest bite?	Between 200 and 400 PSI ⏺ Artois Hound bite force: Ordinary.	Between 200 and 400 PSI ⏺ American Bulldog bite force: Ordinary.	Between 200 and 400 PSI ⏺ American Pit Bull Terrier bite force: Ordinary.
Dog Breeds With The Lowest Bite Force		Dog Breeds With the Strongest Bite Force

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Health and Lifespan Comparison

Average Lifespan Compare life expectancies of Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which breed lives longest?	13-15 years The average lifespan of Artois Hound: 14 years	10-12 years The average lifespan of American Bulldog: 11 years	10-14 years The average lifespan of American Pit Bull Terrier: 12 years
Calculate dog years to human years by breed here
Climate Tolerance Compare weather adaptability between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which handles climate changes best?	Tolerates warm and cold weather Dogs that tolerate hot and cold weather are typically those that have a double coat of fur. See more.	Prefers average to warm weather conditions Different dogs have different preferences when it comes to weather conditions. See more.	Prefers average to warm weather conditions Different dogs have different preferences when it comes to weather conditions. See more.
Health Concerns Compare health problems common in Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which has fewer health issues?	Artois Hounds are commonly healthy dogs.	American Bulldogs tend to have more frequent health issues than other breeds.	American Pit Bull Terriers tend to have more frequent health issues than other breeds.
Healthiest Dog Breeds
Vet Care Frequency Which one may need more or less veterinary visits?	Rare The Artois Hound should have a complete physical check-up at least every 12-18 months (but preferably once per year).	Frequent The American Bulldog should have a complete physical check-up at least once (but preferably twice) per year.	Frequent The American Pit Bull Terrier should have a complete physical check-up at least once (but preferably twice) per year.
Longest Living Dog Breeds
Health Problems Which one has more or less genetic/health problems: Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier? What are the allergies, genetic diseases and concerns for them? Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier health problems comparison:	Hip Dysplasia Bloat Ear Infections Elbow Dysplasia Anesthesia Sensitivity Cryptorchidism Primary Lens Luxation	Hip Dysplasia Allergies Cancer Entropion Cherry Eye Ectropion Elbow Dysplasia	Hip Dysplasia Demodectic Mange Skin Allergies

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Energy and Activity Comparison

Energy Rating Compare energy levels between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which breed is most active?	Artois Hound dogs are high-energy dogs.	American Bulldog dogs have a higher energy level than other dog breeds.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs have a higher energy level than other dog breeds.
Low-Energy Dog Breeds		High-Energy Dog Breeds
Activity Requirement / Exercise Need Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier exercise need comparison. Which dog needs more activity? Which dog needs the most exercise: Artois Hound or American Bulldog or American Pit Bull Terrier? Which dog needs the most walking? Which dog is the laziest?	Artois Hound dogs need quite a lot of exercise.	American Bulldog dogs have an average exercise need.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs have an average exercise need.
Sleeping Need Which one sleeps the least/most: Artois Hound or American Bulldog or American Pit Bull Terrier?	Artois Hound dogs are quite energetic dogs and they don't spend too much time with sleeping.	American Bulldog dogs like sleeping so they do sleep a lot.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs are quite energetic dogs and they don't spend too much time with sleeping.
Dog Breeds That Sleep A Lot

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Diet and Weight Management Comparison

Obesity Tendency Compare weight gain tendencies between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which is most prone to obesity?	Average to High: If you don't pay attention to the Artois Hound's weight, he can easily gain weight. See more.	Low to Average: The American Bulldog has a low to the average risk for obesity. See more.	Average: The American Pit Bull Terrier has an average risk for obesity. See more.
Dog Breeds Prone To Obesity
Food Consumption Compare food requirements between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which needs most food?	3/4 to 1.5 cups of high-quality dry food a day, divided into two meals.	3 to 5 cups of a high-quality dog food daily, divided into two meals.	Recommended daily amount: 1.5 to 2.5 cups of high-quality dry food a day, divided into two meals.
Dog Breeds That Eat A Lot

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Allergies and Grooming Comparison

Allergy Friendliness Compare hypoallergenic qualities of Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which is best for allergy sufferers?	No See more.	No See more.	No See more.
Hypoallergenic Dog Breeds
Coat Colors Compare color variations between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. What colors are available?	Black White Dark Fawn	Black White Brown Fawn	Black Gray Tan Red Blue White Brown Yellow
Grooming Requirements Compare grooming needs between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which requires most maintenance?	Average: The Artois Hound requires average grooming effort. See more.	Effortless: The American Bulldog requires minimal grooming. See more.	Effortless: The American Pit Bull Terrier requires minimal grooming. See more.
Low-Maintenance Dog Breeds		High-Maintenance Dog Breeds
Drooling Tendency Compare drooling tendencies between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which drools least?	The Artois Hound is a perfect example of a low drooling tendency. See more.	The American Bulldog drools quite a lot, so if you dislike being covered by slobber spots on your clothes, you may want to choose another dog breed. See more.	The American Pit Bull Terrier is a perfect example of a very low drooling tendency. See more.
Stinkiness Rating Compare odor levels between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which has least natural smell?	Medium ⏺ The Artois Hound has an average chance of bad smell.	Medium ⏺ The American Bulldog has an average chance of bad smell.	Medium ⏺ The American Pit Bull Terrier has an average chance of bad smell.
Coat Characteristics Compare coat types between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. How do their fur characteristics differ?	Dense	Fine	Fine
Bathing Needs Compare bathing needs between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which requires most frequent baths?	4-6 weeks Average. Experts recommended at least every 4-6 weeks for this family pup. See more.	3-4 weeks More often than average. These dog coats tend to be longer, softer, and oilier than short-haired breeds. See more.	3-4 weeks More often than average. These dog coats tend to be longer, softer, and oilier than short-haired breeds. See more.
Shedding Level Who sheds more Artois Hound or American Bulldog or American Pit Bull Terrier? Artois Hound or American Bulldog or {name3 shedding:	Artois Hound dogs shed moderately. See more.	American Bulldog dogs shed moderately. See more.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs shed moderately. See more.
Low-Shedding Dog Breeds		Dog Breeds That Shed The Most

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Good With Comparison

Child Compatibility Compare child-friendliness between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which is best with kids?	Artois Hound dogs are kid-friendly dogs.	American Bulldog dogs are kid-friendly dogs.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs are kid-friendly dogs.
Kid-Friendly Dog Breeds
Pet Compatibility Which dog breeds get along well with other animals/pets?	Artois Hound dogs are generally with other pets.	American Bulldog dogs usually don’t get on well with other pets.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs do best when they’re the only pet at the family.
Stranger Friendly Which dog is more stranger friendly Artois Hound or American Bulldog or American Pit Bull Terrier? Which dog is more friendly?	Artois Hound dogs are not the most stranger-friendly dogs.	American Bulldog dogs are not the most stranger-friendly dogs.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs are average friendly towards strangers.
Dog Breeds That Are Aloof With Strangers		Dog Breeds That Are Friendly To Strangers
Cat Friendly Which dog is more cat friendly Artois Hound or American Bulldog or American Pit Bull Terrier?	Artois Hound dogs are average friendly towards cats.	American Bulldog dogs are not the most cat-friendly dogs.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs are not cat-friendly dogs.
Dog Breeds That Get Along Well With Cats
Dog Friendly Which dog is more dog friendly Artois Hound or American Bulldog or American Pit Bull Terrier?	Artois Hound dogs are dog-friendly dogs.	American Bulldog dogs are average friendly towards other dogs.	American Pit Bull Terrier dogs are not dog-friendly.
Good For First Time Owners Which dog is good for the first-time owners: Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier?	No Artois Hound dogs are not good for novice owners, due to their stubborn personality.	Yes American Bulldog dogs are good for novice owners, due to their easy-going personality.	Yes American Pit Bull Terrier dogs are good for novice owners, due to their easy-going personality.
Office Friendly Which one fits better in the office?	No Artois Hound is not the best dog breed for office environment.	No American Bulldog is not the best dog breed for office environment.	No American Pit Bull Terrier is not the best dog breed for office environment.
Senior Citizens Friendly Which dog is good for elderly people?	Artois Hounds are usually recommended for elderly people.	American Bulldogs are usually recommended for elderly people.	American Pit Bull Terriers are usually recommended for elderly people.

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier As a Working Dog Comparison

Service Dog Capability Compare service dog potential between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which is best suited for service work?	Not really This breed generally not used as a service dog. See more.	Not really This breed generally not used as a service dog. See more.	Not really This breed generally not used as a service dog. See more.
Most Popular Service Dog Breeds
Therapy Work Suitability Compare therapy dog potential between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which excels in therapy work?	Not really This breed is generally not used as a therapy dog. See more.	Not really This breed is generally not used as a therapy dog. See more.	Not really This breed is generally not used as a therapy dog. See more.
Therapy Dog Breeds
Scent Detection Ability Compare detection capabilities between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which has best nose work ability?	Not really They are not typically employed for this type of work, but there may be exceptional cases.	Not really They are not typically employed for this type of work, but there may be exceptional cases.	Yes After proper training, they can excel at this kind of work.
Search & Rescue Potential Compare search and rescue potential between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which is best for SAR work?	Not really This dog breed is not typically used as a search and rescue dog.	Not really This dog breed is not typically used as a search and rescue dog.	Not really This dog breed is not typically used as a search and rescue dog.
Maritime Work Ability Compare boating aptitude between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which is best suited for water work?	Not really Artois Hound breed usually doesn't like being on a boat. See more.	Not really American Bulldog breed usually doesn't like being on a boat. See more.	Not really American Pit Bull Terrier breed usually doesn't like being on a boat. See more.
Draft Work Capability Compare cart pulling abilities between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which is best for draft work?	Not really A drafting dog or draft dog is a dog bred and used for cart pulling. See more.	Yes A drafting dog or draft dog is a dog bred and used for cart pulling. See more.	Not really A drafting dog or draft dog is a dog bred and used for cart pulling. See more.
Military Service Background Compare military service history of Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which has most military use?	Not really In history, this breed was not really used for combat dog.	Yes In history, this breed was unfortunately used for combat dogs.	Yes In history, this breed was unfortunately used for combat dogs.

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Reproducibility Comparison

Puppy Litter Size Compare typical litter sizes of Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which has most puppies?	5-7 puppies	7-14 puppies	5-8 puppies
Dog Name Generator – Find A Perfect Name For Your Puppy
Pregnancy Duration Compare gestation periods of Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Any breeding differences?	60-64 days See more.	60-64 days See more.	60-64 days See more.
Breeding Frequency Compare breeding intervals between Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. What's recommended?	Once a year. More frequent breeding is not healthy. See more.	Once a year. More frequent breeding is not healthy. See more.	Once a year. More frequent breeding is not healthy. See more.

Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier Recognition Comparison

AKC Classification Compare AKC groups for Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. How are they classified?	Not recognized by the American Kennel Club.	Not recognized by the American Kennel Club.	Not recognized by the American Kennel Club.
FCI Classification Compare FCI groups for Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. How are they classified internationally?	Recognized by FCI in the Scent hounds and related breeds group, in the Scent hounds section.	Not recognized by FCI.	Not recognized by FCI.
Kennel Club Recognition Compare breed recognition status of Artois Hound, American Bulldog, and American Pit Bull Terrier. Which has most recognition?	No data available	American Canine Registry America's Pet Registry Dog Registry of America Inc. North American Purebred Registry, Inc. Continental Kennel Club National Kennel Club United Kennel Club Backwoods Bulldog Club Animal Research Foundation American Rare Breed Association American Bulldog Association National American Bulldog Association John D Johnson Bulldog Registry American Bulldog Club Of Canada All American Bulldog Club	American Canine Registry Dog Registry of America Inc. North American Purebred Registry, Inc. American Canine Association, Inc. Continental Kennel Club National Kennel Club United Kennel Club Backwoods Bulldog Club

Popular Dog Compares

Despite the best intentions, there may be errors. If you find one, please let us know and we will fix it as soon as possible. Contact us here.

Rate This Comparsion - Artois Hound vs American Bulldog vs American Pit Bull Terrier

Reviews